怎么樣區爭限制與非限制定語？什么情況下不能用what\how\where\等詞？又有表語從句的話又不能用什么又用什么？誰有比較容易記的方法？我老是把這些搞混。請速回答，還有幾天時間了~~謝謝各位了~~
熱心網友
2004/11/26 16:06 英語輔導報 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句都是修飾名詞和代詞的一種從句，兩者雖然性質相同，但在意義上和用法上有許多不同。 1。限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種定語從句和主句的關系十分密切，書寫時不用逗號分開。例如： I was the only person in my office who was invited。 我是辦公室里唯一受到邀請的人。 He has found the hammer that he was looking for。他找到了他正在尋找的那把錘子。 2。非限制性定語從句同主句的關系不十分密切，只是對先行詞作附加或補充的說明，不起限制的作用，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。例如說“He has two brothers。”時，句意已經很明確了，但若要進一步說明“two brothers”的情況，可以在其后面加上 who live in Guilin 或 who can speak English 等非限制性定語從句。故非限制性定語從句僅僅是對意思已經相當明確的先行詞加以補充說明，不起限制的作用。這類定語從句在書寫時大多用逗號與主句分開。例如： Last week I met John, who seemed to be very excited。上星期我見到了約翰，他好像很興奮。 The project, which lasted two years, cost five million dollars。 這項工程歷時兩年，耗資五百萬美元。 3。非限制性定語從句對所談及的人或事物只提供進一步的說明或解釋，它形式上是一個從句，但在功能上相當于一個分句，在意義上相當于一個狀語，故可根據其句意改為并列句或狀語從句。例如： The meeting, which was held in the park, was attended by 1000 people。 →The meeting was attended by 1000 people, and it was held in the park。 那次會議有一千人參加，它是在公園里舉行的。 I don't like the boy, who is very lazy。 →I don't like the boy, since he is very lazy。 我不喜歡這個男孩, (因為)他太懶惰了。 4。關系代詞 who，whom，which 在限制性定語從句中作動詞的賓語時往往可以省略，但在非限制性定語從句中不能省略。值得注意的是，關系代詞 that 可引導限制性定語從句，但一般不可引導非限制性定語從句。例如： I know the man (whom) you mean。 我認識你指的那個人。 I happened to meet Li Hong, whom I didn't recognize at once。 我碰巧遇到李紅，但并沒有馬上認出她來。 These are the pictures (that / which) I took in Guilin。這些是我在桂林拍的照片。 These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit。這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的，還沒有結過果實。(不可將 which 改為 that) 5。限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制的作用，非限制性定語從句對先行詞起補充說明的作用，故兩者的意義往往有別。例如： His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man。 他的哥哥是個解放軍戰士，現今十八歲。(說明他只有一個哥哥) His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man。 他那個十八歲的哥哥是位解放軍。(說明他還有別的哥哥) All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him。那里所有的書都是他寫的, 書里附有漂亮的插圖。(說明那里沒有除他以外的人寫的書) All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him。 那里所有附插圖的書都是他寫的。(暗示沒有附插圖的書不是他寫的) 引導定語從句的關系詞有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which。 在非限制定語從句 中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when。, 如果指代前面整個句子, 多用which。 The dog that/which was lost has been found。 Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting。 There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless。 The days when we had to rely on wool, cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed。Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low。This is the reason why he refused to help us。 He was born in 1976, when an earthquake struck the country。 They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people, which enraged all of us。2。 當引導定語從句的先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等詞, 或先行詞前為形容詞最 高級所修飾時,或先行詞為all, anything, nothing, something, everything 時,從句的引導詞只能用 that。 The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday。Theseare the very points that puzzle me。 Is there anything that bothers you? This is the best film that was ever produced by the company。 可做引導詞引導定語從句,多和such,thesame連用。As引導的定語從句也可修飾整個句子,既可 放在先行詞后,也可放在句子開頭。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays。 The boy was run over by a motor-car, as often happened in pre-liberation Shanghai。 As is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary。 We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts。4。 介詞+which/whom/whose從句 The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch。 Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other。 Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book, of which none of us had ever heard。Waterdissolvesapartofnearlyeverything_______ atcwith which d as soon as5。 代/名+介詞+which 從句 he is needing a book, the name of which I don't know。 In factories and in our daily life, there are many waste materials, all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition。 To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer。6。 同位語從句和定語從句 The news that he has been admitted by Harvard University is very pleasing。 The news the you told me was really exciting。7。 難句: He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group。 He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment。 I shall never forget the day when we first met。 I remember the morning when he first came to school。 I shall never forget the days which I spent in the countryside。 The room where he lived is kept in good repair。 Alva found a place in the cellar ______ he uses as his first laboratory。 A where B which C what D in which The way in which/that you answered the questions was admirable。 。
熱心網友
很簡單的，有逗號~~限定~無逗號~~非限