對于這種現象我該怎么學,能不能舉兩個運用到實例題中的例子,并附語法分析,謝謝!

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即垂懸分詞是指分詞及其短語作狀語時,其邏輯主語不是句子的主語,如:獨立主格結構、根據上下文推斷、泛指任何人、某個非主語成分或前面的整個句子等。1.垂懸分詞的邏輯主語為上下文(1)Then with the further assistance of those wonderful tools of man, pencil and paper, it is possible to work with each component individually, while keeping track of others。[正譯]然后,借助人的那些美妙的工具,筆和紙,就能分別處理各個部分,并同時關注其他組成部分。 [分析]若句子的主語為非人稱代詞兒或先行詞作形式主語訌,常出現與句子主語不一致的垂懸分詞,其邏輯主語是否譯出,視上下文而定。該句上文為:It helps the decision maker identify the most important components of the decision-the ones that create the dilemma-and concentrates attention on them。即:它能幫助決策者識別決策的最為重要的組成部分,即形成難題的部分,再集中思考這些部分。由上文我們可以推斷邏輯主語為"the decision maker"即“決策者”。 (2) Since leaving her, the whole of life seemed pointless。[正譯]自從離開她,整個生活顯得毫無意義了。[分析]分詞"leaving"的邏輯主語可推斷為“I”。 2.垂懸分詞的邏輯主語為不確定的概念在泛指任何人時,分詞及其短語的邏輯主語指的是不確切的(indefinite)或一般的(general)概念,或含意模糊的we或you.(1) Using similar techniques,the topic can be expressed in different lights.[正譯]即使用同樣的技術,也可用不同的見解描述這個主題。[分析]該句中分詞 “using” 作狀語,主句主語為"the topic",但"the topic"并非"using"的邏輯主語,而是相當于we或you,原句也就相當于Even if we use similar techniques,…。。(2) Given the voltage and current, the resistance can be determined according to Ohm’s Law。.已知電壓和電流,根據歐姆定律,就可以求出電阻。(Given the voltage and the current,… =If we are given the voltage and the current,…)3.垂懸分詞的邏輯主語為句中某個非主語成分當句子的謂語動詞不表示某一具體的“行為”(action),而是指“存在”(existence)時,則用作狀語的分詞及其短語的邏輯主語常由句中其他成分(如名詞普通格、物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格等)表示出來。(1) Running to school, a terrible thought struck her。 (a wrong sentence)她跑著去上學時,突然產生了一個可怕的念頭。(邏輯主語由her表示出來)(2) Subjected to light, the conductivity of semiconductors is found to be high。.半導體受光的作用,我們發現其導電性很高。(邏輯主語由semiconductors表示出來)4.垂懸分詞及其短語的邏輯主語是前面的整個句子 ,(1) The bus held up by the snow storm, thus causing the delay。[正譯]公共汽車被暴風雪所阻,因而耽誤了。[分析]該句相當于The bus was held up by the snow storm, which/and this caused the delay。 因此,現在分詞causing的邏輯主語為The bus was held up by the snow storm.5.已轉化為介詞或連詞的垂懸分詞有些泛指的分詞在長期使用中已逐步當作介詞或連詞使用,則其邏輯主語與句子的主語就不一致丁。(1) Such discontinuities invalidate old paradigms, including those that may have been the basis of a firm’s success, strategy and culture。這些不連續變化,使得舊的范式,包括那些以前一直是公司賴以成功、作為公司戰略和文化基礎的那些范式失去了效用。(including = besides)(2)Provided that there is no opposition, we should hold the meeting here.假如沒有異議的話,我們將在此地舉行會議。Provided that there is no opposition = Only if there is no opposition.。