請(qǐng)?jiān)敿?xì)說(shuō)明高中涉及到的虛擬語(yǔ)氣越詳細(xì)越好或者就是語(yǔ)法里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,不一定非得高中的
熱心網(wǎng)友
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Modal Verbs)是說(shuō)話人用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣,包括敘述、命令、要求、愿望及不可能的假設(shè)。如果是敘述,就是敘事語(yǔ)氣。命令或要求,就是祈使語(yǔ)氣;愿望或不可能的假設(shè),就是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 這里就來(lái)說(shuō)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式及其意義?! √摂M語(yǔ)氣可分三種如下:一、純虛擬(形式和意義都屬虛擬。) 首先,可用條件副詞分句來(lái)表示一種不是真實(shí)性的假設(shè),如: (1) If l were you, l would not do such a thing?! ∵@里的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)“were”表示現(xiàn)在的事件、現(xiàn)在的愿望?! 〗又部捎妹~從句表示一種不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望如: (2) I wish l could do something for you?! ∵@里的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)“could do”表示的是現(xiàn)在的事件、現(xiàn)在的愿望。 (3) I wish l had not made such a decision?! ∵@里的過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)“had not made”表示過(guò)去的事件,現(xiàn)在的愿望。 此外,還可用由“as if”引導(dǎo)的副詞從句表示不是真實(shí)的事,如: (4) The tired worker walked as if he had been drunk。 最后,可用“but for”或“without”引導(dǎo)的簡(jiǎn)單句表示不可能的事,如: (5) But for the heavy rain(要不是這陣大雨),we would have done the work?! ?6) Animals could hardly breathe without air。 注意,這種虛擬句里的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),異乎尋常。二、半虛擬 (虛擬的形式,可能的事件。) 半虛擬語(yǔ)氣可表示“客氣”及“事發(fā)可能性低”等意義,如: (7) Would you please lock the door behind you? (8) Could l use your telephone for a while? 這里的過(guò)去式語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞,表示“客氣”?! ?9) lt might rain this afternoon。 (10) The eyewitness's evidence could be false?! ∵@里的過(guò)去式語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞表示“可能性低”,也就是對(duì)所提的事“存有懷疑”或“不甚確定”。三、舊式虛擬 (這里的名詞從句中的動(dòng)詞保存原形,沒(méi)有第三人稱的“S”,接系動(dòng)詞,“be”,也不起變化),如: (11) We insist that the criminal be sent to prison。 (12) God bless you! (13) Who suggested that Tom come early? (11)和(13)里名詞從句的動(dòng)詞形式是典型的美式英語(yǔ);英式英語(yǔ)通常冠以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“should”。類似的例子有: (14)The people demand that the govern-ment (should) put a stop to all forms of corruption。 (15) The education committee proposed that students (should) be encouraged to think creatively?! ?16) It is important that we (should) keep fit。 (17) It is essential that work (should) come before pleasure?! ?18) It is recommended that there (should) be equal pay for equal work。 。
熱心網(wǎng)友
彬彬 答得太全了。同意。
熱心網(wǎng)友
虛擬語(yǔ)氣-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式,表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望,假設(shè),懷疑,猜測(cè), 建議等含義,虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。 If I were you, I'd take them away。 如果我是你的話,我就會(huì)帶走他們。 If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him。 如果我碰見(jiàn)了李華,我就告訴了他了。 If I had time。 I could come to help you。 如果我有時(shí)間,我會(huì)來(lái)幫助你的。 He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups。 他建議說(shuō)我們的班應(yīng)該分成五個(gè)小組。 He speaks to us as if he had been there。 他給我們講的好象他去過(guò)那兒。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法 1) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在簡(jiǎn)單句中,表示祝愿,命令。 May you be happy。 祝你幸福。 May you have a good time。 祝愿你玩的痛快。 May the friendship between us last long。 祝愿我們的友情天長(zhǎng)地久。 Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! You go out! 你出去! 2) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。動(dòng)詞 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作表示的只是一種愿望,要求。 I wish she would be on my side。 我希望她能站在我一邊。 I wish I could help him。 我希望我能幫助他。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means。 他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。 動(dòng)詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的從句中,"should" 可以省略。 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class。 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。 He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves。 他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。 3) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在主語(yǔ)從句中。 在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that 。。。。 " 中,that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用: should + 動(dòng)詞原形 It's necessary that we should have a walk now。 我們有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so。 她這樣做是很自然的。 It's important that we should take good care of the patient。 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 4) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在狀語(yǔ)從句中。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句和表示結(jié)果的主句中。在表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí),動(dòng)詞有三種時(shí)態(tài)形式,即現(xiàn)在,過(guò)去和將來(lái)。 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的: 條件從句 結(jié)果從句 If I (we,you,he,they)+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。。 if I (he,she) were。。。 I (we) should + 動(dòng)詞原形。 He (you,they) would + 動(dòng)詞原形。 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的: 條件從句 結(jié)果從句 If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 過(guò)去分詞 I(we)should + have+ 過(guò)去分詞。He (you,they) would + have + 過(guò)去分詞。 If I were you, I should buy it。 如果我是你,我就買了它。 If I had time, I would study French。 如果我有時(shí)間,我會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)的。 If she knew English,she would not ask me for help。 如果她懂英語(yǔ)的話,她不會(huì)找我?guī)兔Φ摹? If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train。 如果你早一點(diǎn)起床,就會(huì)趕上火車的。 If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping。 如果明天天氣好,我就去買東西。 有關(guān)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題: 1) 有時(shí)if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可以省略 if,而把從句中的動(dòng)詞 were, had 或 should 移到主語(yǔ)前面。 Were she younger, she would do it 。 如果她年青點(diǎn), 她就會(huì)干的。 Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her。 如果他知道她的地址,他會(huì)去看她的。 2) 有時(shí)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一個(gè)主句或者一個(gè)條件從句。 I could help you。 我本來(lái)可以幫助你。 If I had time。 我要有時(shí)間該多好啊。 She should have come to the party。 她應(yīng)該來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。 If he had much more money。 如果他有更多的錢就能。。。。 3) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,條件從句的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作可以和主句的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)不一致。 If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now。 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話,現(xiàn)在干的就會(huì)容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this。 如果他不聽(tīng)取我的建議,他就不會(huì)干得這樣好。 。
熱心網(wǎng)友
虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示的是與事實(shí)相反的一種情況,要根據(jù)時(shí)間而定.