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語法結構--- 動詞不定式 內容提要 動詞不定式是一種非限定性動詞,由to+動詞原形構成,但它還是屬于動詞,所以它本身可以帶賓語和狀語。動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語,還可用在復合結構中,而且有完成式、進行式、完成進行式和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。動詞不定式的特殊情況也要掌握。 I 動詞不定式的構成與形式 一、動詞不定式的概念:動詞不定式指由to 加上動詞原形(而且只能是動詞原形)所構成的一種非限定性動詞,但在有些情況下to可以省略。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語1) 、賓語2)、表語3)、定語4) 和狀語5) 1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement,___ skillfulness,and upward mobility。 [A] To acquire [B] Acquire [C] Acquires [D] Have acquired 2) We are planning for the entrance examination ____ for postgraduate。 [A] registering [B] register [C] to register [D] registered 3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to learn the needed materials ___for the matriculation of postgraduate。 [A] make our every effort [B] to make our every effort [C] to our every effort [D] made our efforts 4) —Where should I send my application? —The Personnel Office is the place it to ___。 [A] sends [B] be sended [C] to be sended [D] to send 5) ___ from others, one should take his promise。 [A] To get confidence [B] To getting confidence [C] To get confidences [D] Getting to the confidence 說明:以上五句中的斜體是其動詞不定式的附屬部分。 二、動詞不定式的構成與形式: 動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分,但它畢竟是動詞,所以有動詞的屬性。動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語[2)和4)中的斜體部分]和狀語[5)中的斜體部分]。雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語,但它表達的意義是動作,這一動作一定由使動者發出。這一使動者我們稱之為 邏輯主語 。考研題中,語法中所考動詞不定式部分包括檢測考生是否掌握動詞不定式與其邏輯主語之間的一致,其中主要包括它們之間 主動和被動 的關系以及 它們在時間上的一致 ,同時動詞不定式還有其否定形式。所有這些涉及到動詞不定式的各種形式。現以動詞make為例,其形式如下: 主動形式 被動形式 一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made 完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made 進行式 (not) to be making 完成進行式 (not) to have been making 6) Some [A] types of naphtha(石油腦) are employed to dissolving [B] rubber [C] and to thin paints and [D] varnish。 7) The Statue of Liberty was originally [A] proposed [B] in 1865 to commemoration [C] the alliance [D] of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution。 8) The purpose [A] of inductive logic [B] is to inferring [C] general laws from particular occurrences [D] 。。
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語法結構--- 動詞不定式 內容提要 動詞不定式是一種非限定性動詞,由to+動詞原形構成,但它還是屬于動詞,所以它本身可以帶賓語和狀語。動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語,還可用在復合結構中,而且有完成式、進行式、完成進行式和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。動詞不定式的特殊情況也要掌握。 I 動詞不定式的構成與形式 一、動詞不定式的概念:動詞不定式指由to 加上動詞原形(而且只能是動詞原形)所構成的一種非限定性動詞,但在有些情況下to可以省略。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語1) 、賓語2)、表語3)、定語4) 和狀語5) 1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement,___ skillfulness,and upward mobility。 [A] To acquire [B] Acquire [C] Acquires [D] Have acquired 2) We are planning for the entrance examination ____ for postgraduate。 [A] registering [B] register [C] to register [D] registered 3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to learn the needed materials ___for the matriculation of postgraduate。 [A] make our every effort [B] to make our every effort [C] to our every effort [D] made our efforts 4) —Where should I send my application? —The Personnel Office is the place it to ___。 [A] sends [B] be sended [C] to be sended [D] to send 5) ___ from others, one should take his promise。 [A] To get confidence [B] To getting confidence [C] To get confidences [D] Getting to the confidence 說明:以上五句中的斜體是其動詞不定式的附屬部分。 二、動詞不定式的構成與形式: 動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分,但它畢竟是動詞,所以有動詞的屬性。動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語[2)和4)中的斜體部分]和狀語[5)中的斜體部分]。雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語,但它表達的意義是動作,這一動作一定由使動者發出。這一使動者我們稱之為 邏輯主語 。考研題中,語法中所考動詞不定式部分包括檢測考生是否掌握動詞不定式與其邏輯主語之間的一致,其中主要包括它們之間 主動和被動 的關系以及 它們在時間上的一致 ,同時動詞不定式還有其否定形式。所有這些涉及到動詞不定式的各種形式。現以動詞make為例,其形式如下:主動形式 被動形式 一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made 完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made 進行式 (not) to be making 完成進行式 (not) to have been making 6) Some [A] types of naphtha(石油腦) are employed to dissolving [B] rubber [C] and to thin paints and [D] varnish。 7) The Statue of Liberty was originally [A] proposed [B] in 1865 to commemoration [C] the alliance [D] of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution。 8) The purpose [A] of inductive logic [B] is to inferring [C] general laws from particular occurrences [D] 。。
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動詞不定式動詞不定式概述一 不定式的體1。 不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的。動作將要發生或與謂語動作同時發生。2 不定式的進行體(to be doing)表示不定式的動作正在發生。不定式的完成體(to have done)表示不定式的動作在謂語動作之前發生。二 不定式的邏輯主語1 不定式的邏輯主語常不出現在句中。2 句子的主語,賓語有時是不定式的邏輯主語。3 不定式前"for+名詞/代詞"結構中的名詞或代詞也可以用來表示不定式的;邏輯主語。4 在"It+be+形容詞+of+名詞/代詞+to do"結構中,名詞或代詞為不定式的邏輯主語。該結構中的形容詞通常用來表示人的品質。例如:kind, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等。例如:It's very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference。三 不定式的否定式不定式否定式由not/never +to do構成四 不定式的句法功能1 不定式做主語1)To say something is one thing; to do it is another。2)It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth's plates join together。注:充當主語的不定式即可置于句首,位于謂語動詞之前,也可作為句子的真正主語置于句末,用作形式主語。2 不定式作表語3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days。4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a "Dingo"。5)One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle。注:充當表語的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系動詞后。3 不定式作賓語6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition。注:充當賓語的不定式位于及物動詞后。常用不定式作賓語的動詞有:agree, plan, determine, dare, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, manage, intend, offer, afford, demand。7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space。注:充當賓語的不定式如果有自己的表語,則可用代替只個不定式作為形式賓語,而作為真正賓語的不定式則放在表語之后。以it作為形式賓語的這種結構常用在think, feel, find, make, consider等動詞之后。big and strong。4 不定式作賓語補足語8)The powder made from fish, blood and bones will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong。9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once。注:在下列動詞后作賓語補足語的不定式通常不帶to。這些動詞是observe, notice, see, hear, watch, have, feel, make, let。但上述動詞轉換為被動語態時,其后的不定式須帶to。例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow。
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I 動詞不定式的構成與形式 一、動詞不定式的概念:動詞不定式指由to 加上動詞原形(而且只能是動詞原形)所構成的一種非限定性動詞,但在有些情況下to可以省略。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語1) 、賓語2)、表語3)、定語4) 和狀語5) 1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement,___ skillfulness,and upward mobility。 [A] To acquire [B] Acquire [C] Acquires [D] Have acquired 2) We are planning for the entrance examination ____ for postgraduate。 [A] registering [B] register [C] to register [D] registered 3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to learn the needed materials ___for the matriculation of postgraduate。 [A] make our every effort [B] to make our every effort [C] to our every effort [D] made our efforts 4) —Where should I send my application? —The Personnel Office is the place it to ___。 [A] sends [B] be sended [C] to be sended [D] to send 5) ___ from others, one should take his promise。 [A] To get confidence [B] To getting confidence [C] To get confidences [D] Getting to the confidence 說明:以上五句中的斜體是其動詞不定式的附屬部分。 二、動詞不定式的構成與形式: 動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分,但它畢竟是動詞,所以有動詞的屬性。動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語[2)和4)中的斜體部分]和狀語[5)中的斜體部分]。雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語,但它表達的意義是動作,這一動作一定由使動者發出。這一使動者我們稱之為 邏輯主語 。考研題中,語法中所考動詞不定式部分包括檢測考生是否掌握動詞不定式與其邏輯主語之間的一致,其中主要包括它們之間 主動和被動 的關系以及 它們在時間上的一致 ,同時動詞不定式還有其否定形式。所有這些涉及到動詞不定式的各種形式。現以動詞make為例,其形式如下:主動形式 被動形式 一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made 完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made 進行式 (not) to be making 完成進行式 (not) to have been making 6) Some [A] types of naphtha(石油腦) are employed to dissolving [B] rubber [C] and to thin paints and [D] varnish。 7) The Statue of Liberty was originally [A] proposed [B] in 1865 to commemoration [C] the alliance [D] of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution。 8) The purpose [A] of inductive logic [B] is to inferring [C] general laws from particular occurrences [D] 。。
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狀態系動詞用來表示主語狀態,只有be一詞,例如:He is a teacher。 他是一名教師。(is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。)2)持續系動詞用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting。 他開會時總保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery。 此事仍是一個謎。3)表像系動詞用來表示"看起來像"這一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired。 他看起來很累。He seems (to be) very sad。 他看起來很傷心。4)感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft。 這種布手感很軟。 This flower smells very sweet。 這朵花聞起來很香。5)變化系動詞 這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣,變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如: He became mad after that。 自那之后,他瘋了。 She grew rich within a short time。 她沒多長時間就富了。6)終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove, trun out, 表達"證實","變成"之意,例如: The rumor proved false。 這謠言證實有假。 The search proved difficult。 搜查證實很難。 His plan turned out a success。 他的計劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結果)。
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